Charities – Are You Putting Your Donors At Risk?

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clip_image004clip_image002By John Keller, CPA and Amanda Meko, CPA | Team Members of the Not-for-Profit Services Group

Let’s face it, as the end of the year draws near, donors rush to make last minute gifts to improve their tax positions by maximizing their charitable contribution deductions. November and December are typically successful fundraising months for many organizations. But in this rush of last minute donations, are you complying down to a “T” with the IRS requirements for acknowledging charitable contributions from your donors? If not, the IRS could disallow your donors’ deductions. This risk is amplified by two recent U.S. Tax Court rulings.

Improper receipt, bad timing

In Durden v. Commissioner, a church had received $25,171 in contributions from a married couple. The taxpayers had canceled checks documenting these 2007 donations, and the church sent them a written acknowledgment of receipt. But whether or not the taxpayers had received any goods or services in exchange for their contributions wasn’t mentioned in the acknowledgment. The IRS requires such a statement, so it disallowed the taxpayers’ deduction.

No qualified appraisal

In Mohammed, Sr. v. Commissioner, the taxpayer had donated real property he valued at more than $15 million. The IRS and ultimately the Tax Court disallowed the deduction because the taxpayer had failed to obtain a qualified appraisal. An experienced real property appraiser, the taxpayer had prepared the appraisal himself, even though he was both donor and recipient of the property. The Tax Court found that the resulting appraisal could not be considered qualified due to the taxpayer’s personal involvement in the transaction.

The substantiation rules a review

In order for a charitable contribution to be eligible for a deduction on a donor’s income tax return, the donor must follow what are known as the IRS substantiation rules. These requirements vary with the nature and amount of the donation, but they clearly state that, if a taxpayer fails to meet the substantiation and recordkeeping requirements, no deduction will be allowed.

For cash gifts of under $250, a canceled check or credit card receipt is generally sufficient substantiation. If, however, any goods or services were provided in exchange for a cash gift of $75 or more, the charity must provide a contemporaneous written acknowledgment including a description and good-faith estimate of their value.

For cash gifts of $250 or more, as well as noncash gifts, the rules generally also require a contemporaneous written acknowledgment from the charity, which must include:

The donor’s name,

The amount of cash or a description of the property contributed (separately itemized if one receipt is used to acknowledge two or more contributions),

A statement explaining whether or not the charity provided any goods or services in consideration, in whole or in part, for the gift, and

If goods or services were provided by the charity, a description and good-faith estimate of their value.

If the only benefit the donor received was an intangible religious benefit, this must be stated. If the nonprofit provides goods or services of insubstantial value (such as address labels or other small incentives in a fundraising campaign), these needn’t be taken into account.

The requirements for noncash donations, depending on the size, also may include undergoing a qualified appraisal (using a qualified appraiser) before completing Form 8283 and attaching the appraisal to the donor’s return. It is ultimately the donor’s responsibility for determining the value of their gift, and getting an appraisal if over $5,000. Before you accept such donations, it may be wise to confirm with donors that they know about the requirements and have obtained an appraisal if necessary.

Certain types of deductions, such as donations made through payroll deduction plans, have different substantiation requirements.

Protecting donors

If it’s been awhile since you reviewed your procedures connected to the IRS substantiation requirements, take time to do it now. Your supporters are much more likely to remain loyal if their donations are recognized by the IRS.

Contact Information

John Keller, CPA, Manager, Tax Services Group and Team Member of the Not-for-Profit Services Group | 317-260-4411 | jkeller@greenwaltcpas.com

Amanda Meko, CPA, Partner and Team Leader of the Not-for-Profit Services Group | 317-260-4436 | ameko@greenwaltcpas.com